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Key Concepts:

1. Container Weight Limits

• MAX GROSS weight marked on container doors (e.g., 30,480kg for standard 20GP)

• Tare weight: ~2,200kg (20GP), 3,720-4,200kg (40GP/HQ)

• Net cargo capacity = MAX GROSS - Tare weight

• Consequences of overloading: structural damage, terminal rejection, liability for damages

1. Weight Restrictions by Party
   | Restricted By | Typical Limits | Consequences |
   |--------------|----------------|--------------|
   | Shipping Lines | 14-16 tons/TEU (varies) | Surcharges or refusal |
   | Terminals | Crane capacity limits | Rejection or fees |
   | US Trucking | 20GP≤17.3t, 40HQ≤19.5t | Fines/forced unloading |
   | Feeder Vessels | Often lower limits | Transshipment required |

Practical Solutions:

Prevention:

• Verify all weight limits (carrier, terminal, destination) before booking

• Use heavy-duty containers when needed (e.g., 32,000kg capacity)

• Optimize loading with load calculators

• Consider LCL for heavy cargo

When Overweight Occurs:

1. Carrier Overweight

• Negotiate overweight surcharges (typically $100-500/TEU)

• May require reloading if unacceptable

1. Terminal Overweight

• Pay special container selection fees (~$500)

• Possible reloading at shipper's expense

1. Destination Overweight

• Fines ($1,000-5,000 depending on severity)

• Potential diversion to alternate ports

Special Considerations:

• US inland shipments have strict road weight limits

• Peak seasons may see tighter restrictions

• SOLAS VGM compliance is mandatory

• Insurance should cover overweight risks

Pro Tips:

• Always declare accurate weights in VGM

• For US destinations, consider rail transport to avoid truck limits

• Heavy cargo may require flat rack containers

• Maintain contingency budget (5-10% of freight cost) for potential fees

Case Example:
An exporter overloaded a 40HQ by 1 ton (31.5t vs 30.5t limit), resulting in:

• Terminal rejection

• RMB 8,000 in reloading/selection fees

• 3-day delay